塞巴斯蒂安·斯普伦格
德国科隆消息——来自18个欧洲国家的军事网络反应小组本周进行了一次实弹演习，旨在测试欧盟在发生网络攻击时部队的防御能力。
此次活动由欧洲防务局（EDA）组织，是整个夏季活动的序幕，包括培训课程和会议。其理念是加强这一领域的合作，与民用世界相比，这一领域仍然不愿意跨越国界分享敏感的威胁数据和战术。
这是官员们首次从纯军事角度考虑欧盟规模的网络威胁。防御能力被认为越来越重要，因为新的武器系统严重依赖数据和通信，这使得它们很容易成为黑客的目标。
官员们称这次演习为"实弹射击"活动，因为它在具有真实目标的基于云的网络靶场内进行。三支对抗部队，包括一支由来自五个成员国的专家组成的队伍，要求防御小组对不可预见的攻击作出反应。该情景包括找出攻击的来源，并确定谁是幕后黑手。
EDA网络防御项目官员马里奥•贝西亚（Mario Beccia）表示，此次演习的重点是帮助各国团队合作，而不是采用最新技术。他在2021年2月17日的虚拟新闻发布会上说："我们试图建立一个军事人员可以专注于合作的结构。
贝西亚说，计算机应急响应小组（CERT）在军队中面临的典型挑战包括保护无人机和航天器的控制基础设施。
EDA 官员聘请爱沙尼亚公司 CybExer 技术公司为演习提供网络靶场，使参与者能够远程登录。该公司还贡献了两支红队。
马里奥•贝西亚表示，找到一个基于云的供应商是必要的，因为成员国现有的训练基础设施需要物理访问服务器和计算机。
CybExer的首席运营官阿雷·林坦对记者说："军队已经习惯于在封闭环境中工作。
贝西亚补充说："目前军事CERT之间的合作是低水平的。
根据EDA的一份声明，接下来的演习日程是6月份的会议，旨在总结经验教训，制定战略层面的步骤，以改善合作。
Live-fire drill puts Europe’s military cyber responders to the test
COLOGNE, Germany — Military cyber response teams from 18 European nations went through a live-fire exercise this week designed to test the bloc’s ability to bundle its forces in the event of a cyberattack.
The event, organized by the European Defence Agency, is the opening salvo in a campaign that will stretch through the summer and include training sessions and conferences. The idea is to enhance cooperation in a field that, compared with the civilian world, is still loath to share sensitive threat data and tactics across borders.
It is the first time that officials are considering cyberthreats from a purely military perspective on a European Union scale. Defensive capabilities are seen as increasingly important because new weapon systems heavily rely on data and communications, which could make them easy targets for hackers.
Officials dubbed the drill a “live-fire” event because it played out on a cloud-based cyber range with real targets. Three teams of opposing forces, including one composed of experts from five member states, required defending teams to react to unforeseen attacks. The scenario included figuring out where attacks originated and determining who was behind them.
Mario Beccia, EDA project officer for cyber defense, said the drill’s focus was to help teams work together across nations rather than employing the latest technology. “It is our attempt to create a structure where military personnel can focus on cooperation,” he said in a Feb. 17 virtual news conference.
Typical challenges that computer emergency response teams, or CERT, in armed services face include protecting the control infrastructure of drones and spacecraft, Beccia said.
EDA officials hired Estonian company CybExer Technologies to provide the cyber range for the exercise, enabling participants to log on remotely. The company also contributed two of the red teams.
Finding a cloud-based vendor was necessary because existing exercise infrastructure in the member states requires physical access to servers and computers, said Beccia. Such an insular mindset is emblematic for the secretive world of military cyber response.
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“Military units are used to working in silos,” Aare Reintam, CybExer’s chief operating officer, told reporters.
Added Beccia: “Cooperation between military CERTs at the moment is low.”
Next up on the exercise schedule is a June conference for digesting lessons learned and formulating strategic-level steps toward improved cooperation, according to an EDA statement.
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